With the presence of the Academic staff in the university of Garmian.Building and Construction Engineering Department has hosted a workshop entitled " Earthquakes Causes, Their Effects On Buildings and Repairing Damaged Structures", on 14 January 2018.

The Workshop covered the following topics

1- Earthquake causes and outcomes: which was presented by Dr. Sarkawt Ghazi, PhD. Geology

2- Earthquake effects on buildings : which was presented by Mr. Ghazi Bahroz, PhD candidate in structural Engineering.

3- Assessment and repair of earthquake damaged structures: which was presented by Mr. Fkrat Lateef, M.Sc. structural Engineering

Objectives of the workshop:

- How the earthquake occurs

- What is the magnitude and intensity of earthquakes?

-Defining the seismic natural hazardous map of Iraq and Garmian Region.

-How earthquake effects on buildings.

-what is the design philosophy of buildings to resist earthquakes.

-How to assess the buildings after earthquakes.

-Methods of repairing and strengthening of buildings

Outcomes:

- The seismic design should be considered in all building constructions.

- Simplicity, Symmetry and regularity in Plan and elevation are desirable, with appropriate analysis and design.

- Quality control of materials is necessary: building units, mortar, concrete, steel bars.

- Proper detailing of steel cages is very significant: stirrups, ties, spacing, lap splices, hook ends, joint details,

- Provide proper connection between partition walls and beams/columns/slabs.

- Proper supervision of building constructions is very necessary to enhance the construction quality.

- Use confined/reinforced masonry walls for low rise buildings in moderate and high seismic zones according to ACI 530-02 or Seismic Design Guide for Low-Rise Confined Masonry Building.